Home > Published Issues > 2024 > Volume 15, No. 12, 2024 >
JAIT 2024 Vol.15(12): 1329-1338
doi: 10.12720/jait.15.12.1329-1338

Weather Forecasting Using Machine Learning Techniques: Rainfall and Temperature Analysis

Adil Hussain 1,*, Ayesha Aslam 2, Sajib Tripura 1, Vineet Dhanawat 3, and Varun Shinde 4
1. School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
2. School of Information Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
3 Meta Platforms Inc., California, United States
4 Cloudera, Inc., Austin, Texas, United States
Email: 2022032907@chd.edu.cn (A.H.); 2022024905@chd.edu.cn (A.A.); sajibtripurabd@chd.edu.cn (S.T.); vineetdhanawat@gmail.com (V.D.); varun.d.shinde@gmail.com (V.S.)
*Corresponding author

Manuscript received June 21, 2024; revised August 19, 2024; accepted September 2, 2024; published December 6, 2024.

Abstract—Heavy rains result in significant threats to human health and life. Floods and other natural disasters, which have a global impact annually, can be attributed to extended periods of intense precipitation. Accurate rainfall prediction is crucial in nations such as Bangladesh, where agriculture is the predominant field of occupation. The efficiency of machine learning methods is enhanced by the nonlinearity of rainfall, surpassing the effectiveness of other approaches. This study proposes the novel combination of rainfall occurrence prediction, rainfall amount prediction, and daily average temperature prediction. This research implements machine learning techniques and an ensemble-based classifier to predict rainfall occurrence, as well as machine learning regressor models and an ensemble-based regressor to predict the rainfall amount and daily average temperature, using the Bangladesh Weather Dataset. The ensemble classifier demonstrated an accuracy of 83.41% and a recall of 78.17%, exhibiting the best performance in predicting when it will rain, but its precision was the lowest, at 51.16%. The ensemble regression model outperformed the base models, including linear regression, random forest, and support vector regression in rainfall amount prediction, with the lowest mean absolute error of 0.36 and root mean squared error of 0.90. Additionally, this model provided the most precise daily average temperature prediction results with the lowest mean absolute error of 0.42 and root mean squared error of 0.54, highlighting its superiority over the other regression models in forecasting temperature. Ensemble approaches consistently exhibit superior task performance metrics.
 
Keywords—rainfall prediction, temperature prediction, ensemble classifier, rain prediction, weather prediction

Cite: Adil Hussain, Ayesha Aslam, Sajib Tripura, Vineet Dhanawat, and Varun Shinde, "Weather Forecasting Using Machine Learning Techniques: Rainfall and Temperature Analysis," Journal of Advances in Information Technology, Vol. 15, No. 12, pp. 1329-1338, 2024.

Copyright © 2024 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the article is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.